Grammer
- Past simple vs present perfect simple
A. Look at the examples from the text. Which of the sentences are in the past simple, and which are in the present perfect simple?
Owen and I have had a special bond between us since we were born. — present perfect simple
Once he had a bad fall in rugby. — past simple
One experiment involved eight-year-old Richard Powles and his twin, Damien. — past simple
There have been cases between celebrity twins too. — present perfect simple
B. Find other examples in the text.
Present perfect simple — There has been a lot of research that has proved that some twins have this ability.
Past simple — I got this terrible pain in my leg.
C. Complete the rule. Write past simple or present perfect simple.
We use the PAST SIMPLE to talk about events in the past which are separate from now (the moment of speaking).
We use the PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE to connect the past and now (the moment of speaking).
- Time expressions
D. Complete the rule. Write past simple or present perfect simple.
We use the PAST SIMPLE with expressions such as last week, a year ago, in June, yesterday (referring to time completely in the past).
We often use the PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE withe for and since (the period of time is from the past to now).
We usually use the PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE withe just, already, and yet (words that have a link with now).
We often use the PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE with ever and never (referring to any time up now).
E. Complete the text. Use the correct form of the past simple or the present perfect simple.
Petra Dawes left school six months ago. But she didn’t go straight on to university after the holidays like a lot of her schoolmates. In September she did something she had wanted to do for some time. She took a gap year. Since then, she has traveled to three different countries and has spent between two and four weeks in each one. She didn’t learn three new languages though, because all the countries are French-speaking! But she has started to learn some Italian, because Italy is her next stop — and she can’t wait! ‘I have always wanted to see Italy. It’s a country I have never visited, so I am incredibly excited about it!’
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